Baseball-Reference.com-- Baseball's History: 1871-Now
Leaderboard Glossary
Batting Stats Glossary
Pitching Stats Glossary
Sample Leaderboard
Awards are Year-League-Award, Stats are Year-Value-Rank
Black Ink: Batting - 39
Gray Ink: Batting - 159
HOF Standards: Batting - 60.9 (Average HOFer ~ 50)
HOF Monitor: Batting - 208.0 (100+ likely HOFer)
Each entry contains the leaderboard appearances for the player in a
Stat or Award. The entries are the year, the value for this stat, and
their rank for statistics, and the year and the award for awards.
Leaders are in bold. Rankings among career and active leaderboards are
listed as well. The years are linked to the expanded top 10
leaderboard for the league that year.
Players must just be in the top ten of the category to make the
list for a counting stat. For rate stats, see the complicated
explanation of the calculation below.
The All-Star column is just years the player was an All-Star and
the Awards column is the year, the league and then the award and if it is
a Gold Glove the position.
Descriptions of the Black and Gray Ink Test and the HOF Standards
and Monitor test are below.
Here is a run down of the stats that may be unclear.
- OPS - On-base percentage plus slugging percentage.
It is a good rough estimate of offensive ability
- PowSpd - Power/Speed Number.
This is (2*HR*SB)/(HR + SB). It is a Bill James creation and
indicates a player with both good speed and power.
- Adjusted OPS+ - OPS normalized to a league-average player
playing in the same park as the player. It is a better rough estimate
of offensive ability (How it is
calculated)
- ERA - Earned Run Average
- (BB + H)/9IP - Walks and hits for every nine innings pitched
- Batting Glossary
- Pitching Glossary
- Fielding Glossary
What are the minimum requirements to lead a Rate Stat?
This is a bit of a dicey proposition as the standards have changed
quite a bit throughout time. Here are how I computed them for the
website. Thanks to Bill Deane, Gerry Myerson and Total Baseball for
clarifying some of these issues.
Batting Average, OBP, Slugging Percentage, OPS
- Prior to 1920, a player must have appeared in 60% of the team's
games to qualify for a title. This number was rounded to the nearest
integer.
- From 1920-1937 (unclear, and previously thought to be until 1944),
a player must have appeared in 100 games.
- From 1938-1944, the AL used 400 at bats and the NL stayed with 100
games as found by Paul Rivard of SABR.
- From 1945-1956, a player must have 2.6 at bats per team game.
Note however, that from 1951-1954 a player could lead if they still
led after the necessary number of hitless at bats were added to their
at bat total.
- From 1957 to the present, a player must have 3.1 plate appearances
per team game. Note however, that from 1967 to the present a player
could lead if they still led after the necessary number of hitless
plate appearances were added to their at bat total.
In seasons where a player could still qualify for a title without
the minimum plate appearances, I have printed out the altered entry
with an asterik. For instance, in 1995 Mark McGwire didn't have
enough PA's to qualify for the league lead in slugging, but when
enough hitless at bats were added, so he qualified, his .636 (down
from a real value of .685) still managed to place him fifth in the
league. The real number is in his batting line and the altered number
is in his leaderboard.
Winning Percentage
- The minimum number of decisions is the number team games that
season divided by twelve rounded to the nearest integer.
ERA, BB/9, H/9, SO/9, etc., etc.
- One inning pitched per team game that season rounded to the nearest integer.
Note that team games are the average or expected number of
games played in the league that year. So this could mean 162 even if
a team only played 160 due to rainouts.
Hall of Fame Stats
These are metrics designed by Bill James to measure how likely a
player is to get into the HOF, and not necessarily how good they were.
Used with similarity scores, you can
get a good idea of how good a chance a player has of getting into the
Hall of Fame.
All-Time and Active Leaders
Named so because league leading numbers are traditionally
represented with Boldface type. The definition for the test
that I'm using here was written up in Bill James's The Politics of
Glory, p. 65-67. The essential point is to measure how often a
player led the league in a variety of "important" stats. This method
penalizes more recent players as they have 14-16 teams per league,
while the older players had just 8. To get a point you must lead the
league in that category.
Batting Statistics
- Four Points for home runs, runs batted in or batting average
- Three Points for runs scored, hits or slugging percentage
- Two Points for doubles, walks or stolen bases
- One Point for games, at bats or triples
Pitching Statistics
- Four Points for wins, earned run average or strikeouts
- Three Points for innings pitched, win-loss percentage or saves
- Two Points for complete games, lowest walks per 9 innings or lowest hits per 9 innings
- One Point for appearances, starts or shutouts
Note that Hall of Famers have a wide variety of values for the
Black Ink Test, and the method is unforgiving of positional
differences, but it is a neat little metric.
All-Time and Active Leaders
Essentially the same as the Black-Ink above, but it counts
appearances in the top ten of the league. For each appearance the
values are below. As with the Black Ink, this method penalizes more
recent players as they have 14-16 teams per league, while the older
players had just 8. To get a point you must be in the top 10 in the
league in that category.
Batting Statistics
- Four Points for home runs, runs batted in or batting average
- Three Points for runs scored, hits or slugging percentage
- Two Points for doubles, walks or stolen bases
- One Point for games, at bats or triples
Pitching Statistics
- Four Points for wins, earned run average or strikeouts
- Three Points for innings pitched, win-loss percentage or saves
- Two Points for complete games, lowest walks per 9 innings or lowest hits per 9 innings
- One Point for appearances, starts or shutouts
All-Time and Active Leaders
This test gives a score of 50 for an average Hall of Famer, with
100 as the max (note Babe Ruth is over 100 due to my simplistic
addition of his pitching and batting values), though mine are lower
due to some difference in positional adjustments that I'll explain
below. It is used to measure the overall quality of a player's career
as opposed to singular brilliance (peak value).
Also, I require a minimum of 20 points in this metric before the
value is displayed for a player. Anything below that is meaningless.
This can be found in James's book on p. 174-176. All values are
for career marks, and I've required 1000 at bats or 500 IP for the
rate stats to kick in.
Batting Statistics
- One point for each 150 hits above 1500, limit 10.
- One point for each .005 of batting average above .275, limit 9
- One point for batting over .300
- One point for each 100 runs over 900, limit 8.
- One point for scoring more than .500 runs per game.
- One point for scoring more than .644 runs per game.
- One point for each 100 rbi's over 800, limit 8.
- One point for driving in more than .500 runs per game.
- One point for driving in more than .600 runs per game.
- One point for each .025 of slugging percentage above .300, limit 10
- One point for each .010 of on-base percentage above .300, limit 10
- One point for each 200 home runs.
- One point if home runs are more than 10% of hits.
- One point if home runs are more than 20% of hits.
- One point for each 200 extra base hits over 300, limit 5.
- One point for each 200 walks over 300, limit 5.
- One point for each 100 stolen bases, limit 5.
- James's version: Defensive value: 20 points for catcher, 16
- shortstop, 14 - second base, 13 - third base, 12 - center fielder, 6
- right fielder, 3 - left fielder, 1 - first baseman, 0 - designated
hitter
- My version: Defensive value: same as that computed for similarity scores. On a 0-20 range.
Pitching Statistics
- One point for each 10 wins over 100, limit 25.
- One point for each 20 games over .500, limit 10.
- For each of the following a minimum of 500 innings is required
before these points are added.
- One point for each .013 of winning percentage above .500, limit 15.
- One point for each .20 of ERA below 4.00, limit 10.
- One point for each 200 strikeouts over 1000, limit 10.
- One point for each .30 of BB/9IP below 4.00, limit 10.
- One point for each .30 of H/9IP below 10.00, limit 10.
- One point for each 1000 innings above 1000, limit 5.
- One point for each 100 complete games above 200, limit 5. Changed from James's slightly
- One point for each 30 shutouts, limit 5. Changed from James's slightly
Note that this system excludes relievers as there are no set
standards for them.
All-Time and Active Leaders
This is another Jamesian creation. It attempts to assess how
likely (not how deserving) an active player is to make the Hall of
Fame. It's rough scale is 100 means a good possibility and 130 is a
virtual cinch. It isn't hard and fast, but it does a pretty good job.
Here are the batting rules.
Also, I require a minimum of 30 points in this metric before the
value is displayed for a player.
- For Batting Average, 2.5 points for each season over .300, 5.0 for over .350, 15 for over .400. Seasons are not double-counted. I require 100 games in a season to qualify for this bonus.
- For hits, 5 points for each season of 200 or more hits.
- 3 points for each season of 100 RBI's and 3 points for each season of 100 runs.
- 10 points for 50 home runs, 4 points for 40 HR, and 2 points for 30 HR.
- 2 points for 45 doubles and 1 point for 35 doubles.
- 8 points for each MVP award and 3 for each AllStar Game, and 1 point for a Rookie of the Year award.
- 2 points for a gold glove at C, SS, or 2B, and 1 point for any other gold glove.
- 6 points if they were the regular SS or C on a WS team, 5 points for 2B or CF, 3 for 3B, 2 for LF or RF, and 1 for 1B. I don't have the OF distribution, so I give 3 points for OF.
- 5 points if they were the regular SS or C on a League Championship (but not WS) team, 3 points for 2B or CF, 1 for 3B. I don't have the OF distribution, so I give 1 points for OF.
- 2 points if they were the regular SS or C on a Division Championship team (but not WS or LCS), 1 points for 2B, CF, or 3B. I don't have the OF distribution, so I give 1 points for OF.
- 6 points for leading the league in BA, 4 for HR or RBI, 3 for runs scored, 2 for hits or SB, and 1 for doubles and triples.
- 50 points for 3,500 career hits, 40 for 3,000, 15 for 2,500, and 4 for 2,000.
- 30 points for 600 career home runs, 20 for 500, 10 for 400, and 3 for 300.
- 24 points for a lifetime BA over .330, 16 if over .315, and 8 if over .300.
- For tough defensive positions, 60 for 1800 games as a catcher, 45 for 1,600 games, 30 for 1,400, and 15 for 1,200 games caught.
- 30 points for 2100 games at 2B or SS, or 15 for 1,800 games.
- 15 points for 2,000 games at 3B.
- An additional 15 points in the player has more than 2,500 games played at 2B, SS, or 3B.
- Award 15 points if the player's batting average is over .275 and they have 1,500 or more games as a 2B, SS or C.
Pitching Rules
- 15 points for each season of 30 or more wins, 10 for 25 wins, 8 for 23 wins, 6 for 20 wins, 4 for 18 wins, and 2 for 15 wins.
- 6 points for 300 strikeouts, 3 points for 250 SO, or 2 points for 200 or more strikeouts.
- 2 points for each season with 14 or more wins and a .700 winning percentage.
- 4 points for a sub-2.00 ERA, 1 point if under 3.00.
- 7 points for 40 or more saves, 4 points for 30 or more, and 1 point for 20 or more.
- 8 points for each MVP award, 5 for a Cy Young award, 3 for each AllStar Game, and 1 point for a Rookie of the Year award.
- 1 point for a gold glove.
- 1 point for each no-hitter. This is not currently included.
- 2 points for leading the league in ERA, 1 for leading in games, wins, innings, W-L%, SO, SV or SHO. Half point for leading in CG.
- 35 points for 300 or more wins, 25 for 275, 20 for 250, 15 for 225, 10 for 200, 8 for 174 and 5 for 150 wins.
- 8 points for a career W-L% over .625, 5 points for over .600, 3 points for over .575, and 1 point for over .525, min. 190 decisions.
- 10 points for a career ERA under 3.00, min 190 decisions.
- 20 points for 300 career saves and 10 points for 200 career saves.
- 30 points for 1000 career games, 20 for 850 games and 10 for 700 games.
- 20 points for more than 4,000 strikeouts, and 10 for 3,000 SO.
- 2 points for each WS start, 1 point for each relief appearance, and 2 for a win.
- 1 point for each LCS or LDS win.
For further questions or comments, send
us a note.
Stats updated through October 30, 2008.
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